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Perit Dial Int 29(Supplement_2): 96-101
2009
© 2009 International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis
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Part 3: Clinical Experiences

CAROTID INTIMAL THICKNESS AND FLOW-MEDIATED DILATATION IN DIABETIC AND NONDIABETIC CONTINUOUS AMBULATORY PERITONEAL DIALYSIS PATIENTS

Narayan Prasad, Sudeep Kumar1, Anurag Singh, Archana Sinha, Kamal Chawla1, Amit Gupta, R.K. Sharma, Nakul Sinha1 and Aditya Kapoor1

Departments of Nephrology and of Cardiology,1 Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India

Correspondence to: N. Prasad, Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP 226014 India. narayan{at}sgpgi.ac.in

{diamondsuit} Objectives: We compared carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) between cases [end-stage renal disease patients (diabetic and nondiabetic) on peritoneal dialysis (PD)] and controls (diabetic and hypertensive patients with normal renal function) with the objective of identifying risk factors predicting atherosclerosis.

{diamondsuit} Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 124 subjects (62 cases, 62 controls). In both the case and control populations, we used B-mode ultrasonography to study CIMT and endothelium-dependent FMD, according to American College of Cardiology guidelines on brachial artery measurement. Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the correlation between CIMT and other variables.

{diamondsuit} Results: Compared with controls, cases had significantly higher systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, serum uric acid, inorganic phosphate, C-reactive protein, and parathyroid hormone, and significantly lower hemoglobin, calcium, and high-density lipoprotein. Compared with controls, cases showed significantly greater CIMT (0.60 ± 0.08 mm vs 0.54 ± 0.03 mm, p < 0.001) and significantly lower FMD (0.15 ± 0.08 cm vs 0.21 ± 0.04 cm, p = 0.02). Among cases, patients with diabetes had significantly greater CIMT (0.62 ± 0.08 mm vs 0.58 ± 0.07 mm, p = 0.05) than did patients without diabetes; FMD was similar in diabetic and nondiabetic patients on continuous ambulatory PD (0.16 ± 0.03 cm vs 0.18 ± 0.03 cm, p = 0.20).

{diamondsuit} Conclusions: Compared with controls, cases had significantly higher CIMT and lower FMD. Cases with diabetes had significantly higher CIMT than did cases without diabetes, but FMD was similar in diabetic and nondiabetic cases. Serum inorganic phosphate is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and was significantly correlated with CIMT. The noninvasive CIMT and FMD tests can be used to monitor atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction.

KEY WORDS: Carotid intima media thickness; flow-mediated dilatation.






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