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Perit Dial Int 28(2): 188-194 2008
© 2008 International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis
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Bench Sciences

IN VIVO PERITONEAL SURFACE AREA MEASUREMENT IN RATS BY MICRO-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (µCT)

Elodie Breton1, Philippe Choquet1, Laure Bergua2, Mariette Barthelmebs3, Börje Haraldsson4, Jean-Jacques Helwig3, André Constantinesco1 and Michel Fischbach2

Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine1 and Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation Children's Unit,2 University Hospital; INSERM Unit 727,3 University Louis Pasteur Medical School, Strasbourg, France; Department of Nephrology and Physiology,4 Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

Correspondence to: M. Fischbach, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation Children's Unit, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg Cedex, France. michel.fischbach{at}chru-strasbourg.fr

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) uses the dynamic dialysis properties of the peritoneal membrane. The fraction of the anatomic peritoneal surface area (PSA) recruited is of importance for maximizing exchanges and is potentially impacted by parameters such as fill volume.

We describe an in vivo assessment of the contact surface area by micro-computed tomography (µCT) using an iodinated contrast medium added to the PD fluid, a contrast agent presumed without surfactant property. In the isotropic volume (reconstructed voxel size 186 µm x 186 µm x 186 µm), the iodinated PD fluid is automatically selected, thanks to its contrast difference with soft tissues, and its surface area is computed. The method was first tested on phantoms showing the ability to select the PD fluid volume and to measure its surface area. In vivo experiments in rat consisted of µCT acquisition of rat abdomen directly after intraperitoneal administration (10 mL/100 g rat body weight) of a dialysis fluid containing 10% by volume iodinated contrast agent. Fluorescein isothiocyanate albumin was used as dilution marker.

We found a strong linear relationship (R2 = 0.98) between recruited PSA (cm2) and rat weight (g) in the range of 235 to 435 g: recruited PSA = (1.61 weight + 40.5) cm2. Applying µCT with a fill volume of 10 mL/100 g rat body weight, the in vivo measured PSA was in the order of magnitude of the ex vivo anatomic PSA as determined by Kuzlan's formula, considered in most instances as the maximal surface area that can be recruited by PD fluid.

This new methodology was the first to give an in vivo high-resolution isotropic three-dimensional (3-D) determination of the PSA in contact with dialysate. Its sensitivity allows us to take into account the recruitment of fine 3-D structures of the PSA membrane that were not accessible to previous 2-D-based imaging methodologies. Its in vivo application also integrates the physiological natural tensile stress of tissues.

KEY WORDS: Peritoneal surface area; in vivo; micro-computed tomography (µCT); rats; small animal imaging.

Received 17 May 2007; accepted 10 October 2007.






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