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CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS PATIENTS REVISITED

University Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China

Correspondence to: A.Y.M. Wang, University Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, PR China. aymwang{at}hku.hk

End-stage renal disease patients are at a heightened risk of developing cardiovascular disease, with contributions from both "traditional" and "nontraditional" cardiovascular risk factors. Some of the nontraditional risk factors, such as extracellular volume overload, inflammation, and hyperphosphatemia, have also been shown to be important predictors of mortality in the dialysis population. This article provides an in-depth review of the evidence that supports the substantial contributions of nontraditional risk factors to adverse cardiovascular outcomes in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients. In addition, it provides evidence to demonstrate how loss of residual renal function may be central to the development of cardiovascular disease in the peritoneal dialysis population.

KEY WORDS: Cardiovascular; residual renal function; inflammation; calcification; cardiac hypertrophy.

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