The aim of this study was to compare the levels of the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and the renin system in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) with patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD). We studied three groups. The CAPD group comprised 10 patients (25-66 years); the HD group: 10 patients (35-69 years), before (pre-HD) and after (post-HD) a HD session. The control group comprised 10 subjects with normal renal function (29-65 years), matched for age, height, weight, and diastolic pressure with the CAPD group. Blood pressure (BP) and blood samples for plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone (PA), and ANF were taken. The BP and levels of ANF, PRA and PA were: in the control group, 121 +/- 15/75 +/- 4 mmHg, 7.3 +/- 5.6 pmol/L, 1.1 +/- 0.8 ng/mL/hour, 0.4 +/- 0.3 nmol/L. In the CAPD group, 132 +/- 26/76 +/- 12 mmHg (NS), 8.3 +/- 3.5 pmol/L (NS), 5.6 +/- 4.4 ng/mL/hour (p < 0.001), 4.9 +/- 4.0 nmol/L (p < 0.001). In the pre-HD, 159 +/- 25/95 +/- 12 mmHg (p < 0.001), 16.0 +/- 8.5 pmol/L (p < 0.005), 11.99 +/- 9.0 ng/mL/hour (p < 0.001), 2.6 +/- 2.3 nmol/L (p < 0.001). In the post-HD, 145 +/- 29/84 +/- 15 mmHg (p < 0.05 vs CG), 13.4 +/- 6.9 pmol/L (p < 0.05 vs control), 14.9 +/- 10.3 ng/mL/hour (p < 0.001 vs control), 3.8 +/- 2.9 nmol/L (p < 0.001 vs control).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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